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• Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
  • Definition
    • relatively common well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • Classification
  • Epidemiology
    • most common form (75%) of all thyroid cancer
    • Peak prevalence at Age: 30-60yrs
    • Gender: Females 3 times more frequently
  • Etiology
    • ionizing radiation
    • rare: hereditary/familial
      • Gardner´s syndrome
      • Cowden syndrome
    • Risk_factors
      • Hashimoto thyroiditis
      • older age, female sex, Caucasian race
      • history of irradiation (lymphoma, thymoma ...?)
  • Pathogenesis
    • activation of trk (tyrosin-kinase) and ret proto-oncogenes
    • interleukin-1, IL-8, TGF-beta, IGF-1
    • Metastases: lymphnodes cervical!!!, mediastimumlung
  • Differential_Diagnosis
    • also see within Diagnosis
  • Therapy
    • surgical: total thyroidectomy - therapy of choice for nodules > 1.5cm
      • link: guidelines
    • radio-iodine therapy: post-operatively, to prevent metastases (marker thyroglobulin)
  • Prognosis
  • Prevention
  • Note_CaveAts_etc
    • synonyms, common pitfalls, ... clinical problems/questions, typical, open eg nodule size
  • References
    • emedicine_oncology
  • Diagnosis
    • Symptoms
      • Asymptomatic or thyroid nodule (nodose goiter)
      • Advanced disease: bone MTS, lung MTS, fever of unknown origin
    • Signs
    • Lab_findings
    • Imaging
    • Other_examinations